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分說

《詩學(xué)》有六分說、五分說、三分說3個分法。五分說把《詩學(xué)》分為：

以悲劇、喜劇、薩堤爾劇、抒情詩和史詩來初步論述反映現(xiàn)實的詩

悲劇的定義，分析，和編寫規(guī)則

史詩的定義，分析，和編寫規(guī)則

應(yīng)對悲劇和史詩的批判

比較悲劇和史詩，和講解為什么悲劇優(yōu)于史詩

內(nèi)容

不同詩的類型

根據(jù)亞里士多德的考究，悲劇、喜劇、薩堤爾劇、抒情詩和史詩均是反映現(xiàn)實，但因其三點分為不同的類型：

結(jié)構(gòu) (matter)

角色 (subjects)

敘述方法 （method）

大體考究過“詩”后, 亞里士多德對悲劇的認(rèn)識是:

亞里士多德認(rèn)為悲劇比史詩是更優(yōu)越的藝術(shù)，因為悲劇是包含史詩的元數(shù)，也可以用史詩的長短格六步韻律，和是嚴(yán)肅的行動的模仿。 表演出的現(xiàn)實模仿，不管是讀出來或是演出來，是可以感動情感，制造出可憐和畏懼來凈化人們的感情，對社會道德起著良好的作用。通過思慮悲劇的可憐和畏懼，觀眾也能從這兩個情感得到愉悅的美學(xué)。悲劇是基于因果、世間的基本秩序，所以是是理性的藝術(shù)。悲劇比史詩精簡、更多統(tǒng)一性，所以也更容易娛樂別人。

悲劇的元素

悲劇本身有六個元素：亞里士多德是這樣跟這些元素的重要性，從最重要到最不重要來排名：

情節(jié)(mythos)

角色 (ethos)

思想 (dianoia)

用字 (lexis)

旋律 (melos)

戲劇奇觀 (opsis)

評價

《詩學(xué)》是西方文明第一部系統(tǒng)的美學(xué)和藝術(shù)理論作品，為西方文論奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

譯著

《詩學(xué)》在中文譯著里有許多版本，簡體中文的主要譯者有：陳中梅、郝久新、羅念生。

Sources

Aristotle’s Treatise On Poetry, transl. with notes by Th. Twining, I-II, London 1812

Aristotelis De arte poetica liber, tertiis curis recognovit et adnotatione critica auxit I. Vahlen, Lipsiae 1885

Aristotle on the Art of Poetry. A revised Text with Critical Introduction, Translation and Commentary by I. Bywater, Oxford 1909

Aristoteles: Περ? ποιητικ??, mit Einleitung, Text und adnotatio critica, exegetischem Kommentar [...] von A. Gudeman, Berlin/Leipzig 1934

?ριστοτ?λου? Περ? ποιητικ??, μετ?φρασι? ?π? Σ. Μεν?ρδου, Ε?σαγωγ?, κε?μενον κα? ?ρμηνε?α ?π? ?. Συκουτρ?, (?καδ. ?θην?ν, ?λληνικ? Βιβλιοθ?κη 2) ?θ?ναι 1937

Aristotele: Poetica, introduzione, testo e commento di A. Rostagni, Torino 21945

Aristotle’s Poetics: The Argument, by G. F. Else, Harvard 1957

Aristotelis De arte poetica liber, recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instruxit R. Kassel, Oxonii 1965

Aristotle: Poetics, Introduction, Commentary and Appendixes by D. W. Lucas, Oxford 1968

Aristotle: Poetics, with Tractatus Coislinianus, reconstruction of Poetics II, and the Fragments of the On the Poets, transl. by R. Janko, Indianapolis/Cambridge 1987

Aristotle: Poetics, edited and translated by St. Halliwell, (Loeb Classical Library), Harvard 1995

Aristotle: Poetics, translated with an introduction and notes by M. Heath, (Penguin) London 1996

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Bremer, J.M., Hamartia: Tragic Error in the Poetics of Aristotle and the Greek Tragedy, Amsterdam 1969

Butcher, Samuel H., Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, New York 1911

Carroll, M., Aristotle’s Poetics, c. xxv, Ιn the Light of the Homeric Scholia, Baltimore 1895

Cave, Terence, Recognitions. A Study in Poetics, Oxford 1988

Carlson, Marvin, Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present. Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell UP (1993). ISBN 978-0-8014-8154-3.

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Else, Gerald F., Plato and Aristotle on Poetry, Chapel Hill/London 1986

Heath, Malcolm, "Aristotelian Comedy", Classical Quarterly 39 (1989) 344-54

Heath, Malcolm, "The Universality of Poetry in Aristotle’s Poetics", Classical Quarterly 41 (1999) 389-402

Heath, Malcolm, "Cognition in Aristotle’s Poetics", Mnemosyne 62 (2009) 51-75

Halliwell, Stephen, Aristotle’s Poetics, Chapel Hill 1986.

Halliwell, Stephen, The Aesthetics of Mimesis. Ancient Texts and Modern Problems, Princeton/Oxford 2002.

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Lucas, F. L., Tragedy: Serious Drama in Relation to Aristotle"s “Poetics”. London: Hogarth (1957). New York: Collier. ISBN 0-389-20141-3. London: Chatto. ISBN 0-7011-1635-8

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