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早年生活

  雷茲-希米格維（右側(cè)）與約瑟夫·畢蘇斯基元帥在波蘇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間

愛德華·雷茲-希米格維于1886年3月 11日出生在波蘭別列扎內(nèi)附近的?apszyn村（今烏克蘭境內(nèi)），父母來自奧匈帝國(guó)的加利西亞地區(qū)。父親是奧匈帝國(guó)軍中的職業(yè)軍人——托馬斯·雷茲（Tomasz Rydz），母親是瑪莉亞·巴比亞克（Maria Babiak）。雷茲出身貧寒，在13歲時(shí)就成了孤兒，并由他的外祖父母撫養(yǎng)，在他們死后，由別列扎內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)上的醫(yī)生Uranowicz一家撫養(yǎng)成人。在以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)于當(dāng)?shù)氐奈睦碇袑W(xué)后，雷茲前往克拉科夫的雅蓋隆大學(xué)完成關(guān)于哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)史的學(xué)習(xí)。接著他又就讀于克拉科夫的馬泰依科美術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，后來又前往維也納和慕尼黑。1910–1911年間，他就讀于維也納的預(yù)備役軍官學(xué)院，并于著名的奧地利第四步兵團(tuán) "德國(guó)冠軍" （為條頓騎士團(tuán)的總團(tuán)長(zhǎng)，弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世國(guó)王的表侄奧地利大公尤金所命名）接受軍事訓(xùn)練。

他以杰出的表現(xiàn)完成了軍事教育，并拒絕了校方所提供的于帝國(guó)軍中服役的機(jī)會(huì)。1912年，雷茲成為了波蘭準(zhǔn)軍事組織步兵協(xié)會(huì)(Zwi?zek Strzelecki)的創(chuàng)始人之一，同時(shí)他也完成了自己的藝術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)。他被認(rèn)為在風(fēng)景和肖像油畫方面天賦異稟，并受到他的教授與評(píng)論家們的贊賞，人們都能夠預(yù)見到他那光明的未來。

Drafted into the Austrian Army in July 1914, Rydz was transferred in August to the Polish Legions and fought in World War I in the famous Polish t Brigade of Pi?sudski. He took part in numerous engagements against theRussian Army in the region of the Southern Vistula, and rose quickly in rank. By 1916, he was already a full colonel. However he did not forget his art and exhibited his work at a gallery in Kraków around that time. In 1917, after their refusal to swear an oath to the Austrian and German authorities, the Legions were disbanded, their soldiers interned and their leader Jozef Pi?sudski imprisoned in Magdeburg fortress. By Pi?sudski"s appointment, Rydz (who was released from prison on grounds of ill health) became commander of Polish Military Organization (POW) and adopted the nom de guerre ?mig?y (Fast or Agile), which he later added to his surname.

In October 1918, Rydz entered the socialist government of Ignacy Daszyński in Lublin as Minister of War. Having been promoted to brigadier general, he underlined that upon his acceptance of the office he was to be seen as a deputy of Pi?sudski. It was at this time he began using the name Rydz-?mig?y. On 11 November 1918 the Government relinquished all power to Pi?sudski, who became Provisional Head of State. After some hesitation, Pi?sudski (displeased by Rydz-?mig?y"s cooperation with the socialists, he himself "having left the streetcar of Socialism at the stop called Independence") nevertheless confirmed him as a brigadier general.

波蘇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

波蘭“二號(hào)人物”

1939

晚年與死亡

影響

榮譽(yù)

作品

延伸閱讀

Cepnik, Kazimierz Wódz Naczelny i Marsza?ek Polski Edward ?mig?y-Rydz, ?ycie i Czyny, Lwów, 1937.

Chen, C. Peter.Edward Rydz-?mig?y. World War II Database. 2004 [February 2, 2008]（英語）. 

Eckert,Marian. Historia polityczna Polski lat 1918-1939. Warszawa, 1989.

J?druszczak,Hanna, and Tadeusz J?druszczak. Ostatnie lata Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (1935-1939), Warszawa, 1970.

Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Pi?sudczycy, (The Pi?sudskiites), O?wi?cim, 1916;

Pawe? Zaremba, Historia Dwudziestolecia 1918 - 1939, (A History of the Twenty Years, 1918 - 1939), 2 vols., Paris, 1967.

Ярослава Мазурак. Булава маршалка ? пал?тра художника// Бережанська г?мназ?я. Стор?нки ?стор??. — Терноп?ль-Бережани: Джура, 2007. — 1027 с.

Mirowicz, Ryszard. Edward Rydz-?mig?y: dzia?alno?? wojskowa i polityczna, Warszawa, 1988.

Pep?oński,Andrzej Wywiad a dyplomacja II Rzeczypospolitej, Toruń, 2004.

Pi?sudski,Józef. Pisma zbiorowe, Warszawa: 1937.

Seidner, Stanley S., "The Camp of National Unity: An Experiment in Domestic Consolidation," The Polish Review vol. xx, nos. 2-3, 1975, pp. 231–236.

Seidner,Stanley S., "Reflections from Rumania and Beyond: Marshal ?mig?y-Rydz Rydz in Exile," The Polish Review vol. xxii, no. 2, 1977, pp. 29–51.

Seidner, Stanley S. Marshal Edward ?mig?y-Rydz Rydz and the Defense of Poland, New York, 1978.

Serwatka, Tomasz. "Edward Rydz-?mig?y," Gazeta:Historia ma?o znana,(January) 2007,[1]

Stachiewicz, Wac?aw. Wierno?ci dochowa? ?o?nierskiej, Warsaw, 1998.

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