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元音-鼻化元音-輔音字母

參考文獻(xiàn)

Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, 1999.劍橋大學(xué)ISBN 0-521-63751-1

Johnson, Keith, Acoustic & Auditory Phonetics, second edition, 2003. Blackwell ISBN 1-4051-0123-7

Korhonen, Mikko. Koltansaamen opas, 1973. Castreanum ISBN 951-45-0189-6

Peter Ladefoged|Ladefoged, Peter, A Course in Phonetics, fifth edition, 2006. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth ISBN 1-4130-2079-8

Ladefoged, Peter, Elements of Acoustic Phonetics, 1995.芝加哥大學(xué)ISBN 0-226-46764-3

Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World"s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.

Ladefoged, Peter, Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, 2000. Blackwell ISBN 0-631-21412-7.

Lindau, Mona. (1978). Vowel features. Language, 54, 541–563.

Stevens, Kenneth N. (1998). Acoustic phonetics. Current studies in linguistics (No. 30). Cambridge, MA: MIT. ISBN 0-262-19404-X.

Stevens, Kenneth N. (2000). Toward a model for lexical access based on acoustic landmarks and distinctive features. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111 (4), 1872–1891.

Watt, D. and Tillotson, J. (2001). A spectrographic analysis of vowel fronting in Bradford English. English World-Wide 22:2, 269–302. Available at[1]

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