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分類支系

包括7種語言：

愒語（Ket）( ket )

鵒語（Yugh）? ( yuu )

秳?wù)Z（Kott）? ( zko )

阿林語（Arin） ? ( xrn )

阿桑語（Assan） ? ( xss )

旁普科爾語（Pumpokol） ? ( xpm )

尤卡吉爾語系（Yug） ? ( yug )

其中的Yug、Pumpokol、Arin和Assan早在18世紀(jì)消亡了，我們對這些語言所知甚微。秳?wù)Z在19世紀(jì)末消失了，但是芬蘭語言學(xué)家Castrén發(fā)表了詳細的語法和詞典。鵒語在1960年代絕種，俄國學(xué)者Werner對這種語言進行了深入的研究，發(fā)表了詞典、語法和傳統(tǒng)故事。如今只有愒語還在使用中，約有1000個左右的老人懂這種語言。

一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為，中國古代的匈奴、羯等民族和使用葉尼塞語系語言的民族有同源關(guān)系。除此之外，其他學(xué)者提出過大膽的假設(shè)，認(rèn)為葉尼塞語系和漢藏語系同源，為漢-高加索語系一支。另外亦有建議葉尼塞語系可與納-達內(nèi)語系合并成為達內(nèi)-葉尼塞語系或提納-高加索語系。

葉尼塞語言的形態(tài)變化特別復(fù)雜，有前綴、后綴、中綴、元音交替等構(gòu)詞手段。

參考文獻

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