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童年的年齡跨度

童年的具體時(shí)間并不明確，它可以指人類發(fā)展中的一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。以發(fā)育和生物學(xué)而言，它指的是嬰兒期與成年期之間的時(shí)期。一般而言，童年從出生開始。也有人認(rèn)為，童年是玩耍和純真的代名詞。許多國(guó)家的法律中規(guī)定了著法定成人年齡，即一個(gè)人的童年正式結(jié)束，而在法律上成為成人的年齡。這一年齡各國(guó)有所不同，一般在15到20歲之間，其中以18歲最為普遍。

童年的發(fā)育階段

更多資料：兒童發(fā)展階段和兒童發(fā)展

兒童早期

  一組兒童在演奏小提琴。

擴(kuò)展閱讀

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Calvert, Karin. Children in the House: The Material Culture of Early Childhood, 1600-1900. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992.

Cleverley, John and D.C. Phillips. Visions of Childhood: Influential Models from Locke to Spock. New York: Teachers College, 1986.

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deMause, Lloyde, ed. The History of Childhood. London: Souvenir Press, 1976.

Higonnet, Anne. Pictures of Innocence: The History and Crisis of Ideal Childhood. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1998.

Immel, Andrea and Michael Witmore, eds. Childhood and Children’s Books in Early Modern Europe, 1550-1800. New York: Routledge, 2006.

Kincaid, James R. Child-Loving: The Erotic Child and Victorian Culture. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Kn?rr, Jacqueline, ed. Childhood and Migration. From Experience to Agency. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2005.

Müller, Anja, ed. Fashioning Childhood in the Eighteenth Century: Age and Identity. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006.

O’Malley, Andrew. The Making of the Modern Child: Children’s Literature and Childhood in the Late Eighteenth Century. London: Routledge, 2003.

Pinchbeck, Ivy and Margaret Hewitt. Children in English Society. 2 vols. London: Routledge, 1969.

Pollock, Linda A. Forgotten Children: Parent-child relations from 1500 to 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Postman, Neil. The Disappearance of Childhood. New York: Vintage, 1994.

Schultz, James. The Knowledge of Childhood in the German Middle Ages.

Shorter, Edward. The Making of the Modern Family.

Sommerville, C. John. The Discovery of Childhood in Puritan England. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992.

Steinberg, Shirley R. and Joe L. Kincheloe. Kinderculture: The Corporate Construction of Childhood. Westview Press Inc., 2004. ISBN 081339157.

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Zornado, Joseph L. Inventing the Child: Culture, Ideology, and the Story of Childhood. New York: Garland, 2001.

新條目《童年》高爾基

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