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學(xué)說

1956年金布塔斯在《史前的東歐（第一部分）》中首先提出該假說時，她綜合地利用了考古學(xué)和語言學(xué)來對印歐起源問題進行研究。假說將原始印歐語使用者與東歐大草原的亞姆納文化及其前身相聯(lián)系，并將印歐人的原住地定位在東歐大草原，提出晚期原始印歐語的各種方言曾在這一地區(qū)被使用。假說并且認為該文化逐漸擴張直至占據(jù)整個的東歐大草原，最晚階段的文化（墳冢?。┘礊榍?000年左右的亞姆納文化。

逝世

1993年，金布塔斯獲位于立陶宛考納斯的維陶塔斯馬格努斯大學(xué)頒發(fā)榮譽博士學(xué)位。1994年2月2日金布塔斯在洛杉磯去世，終年73歲。她被埋葬在考納斯Petra?iūnai公墓。

著作

專著

Gimbutas, Marija (1946). Die Bestattung in Litauen in der vorgeschichtlichen Zeit. Tübingen: H. Laupp.

Gimbutas, Marija (1956). The Prehistory of Eastern Europe. Part I: Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age Cultures in Russia and the Baltic Area. American School of Prehistoric Research, Harvard University Bulletin No. 20. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum.

Gimbutas, Marija (1958). Ancient symbolism in Lithuanian folk art. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, Memoirs of the American Folklore Society 49.

Gimbutas, Marija (1963). The Balts. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 33.

Gimbutas, Marija (1965). Bronze Age cultures in Central and Eastern Europe. The Hague/London: Mouton.

Gimbutas, Marija (1971). The Slavs. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 74.

Gimbutas, Marija (1974). The Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe, 7000 to 3500 BC: Myths, Legends and Cult Images. London: Thames and Hudson.

Gimbutien?, Marija (1985). Baltai prie?istoriniais laikais : etnogenez?, materialin? kultūra ir mitologija. Vilnius: Mokslas.

Gimbutas, Marija (1989). The Language of the Goddess: Unearthing the Hidden Symbols of Western Civilization. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

Gimbutas, Marija (1991). The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe. San Francisco: Harper.

Gimbutas, Marija (1992). Die Ethnogenese der europ?ischen Indogermanen. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universit?t Innsbruck, Innsbrucker Beitr?ge zur Sprachwissenschaft, Vortr?ge und kleinere Schriften 54.

Gimbutas, Marija (1994). Das Ende Alteuropas. Der Einfall von Steppennomaden aus Südrussland und die Indogermanisierung Mitteleuropas. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft.

Gimbutas, Marija, edited and supplemented by Miriam Robbins Dexter (1999) The Living Goddesses. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.

著集

Gimbutas, Marija (ed.) (1974). Obre, Neolithic Sites in Bosnia. Sarajevo: A. Archaeologic.

Gimbutas, Marija (ed.) (1976). Neolithic Macedonia as reflected by excavation at Anza, southeast Yugoslavia. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Monumenta archaeologica 1.

Renfrew, Colin, Marija Gimbutas and Ernestine S. Elster (1986). Excavations at Sitagroi, a prehistoric village in northeast Greece. Vol. 1. Los Angeles : Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Monumenta archaeologica 13.

Gimbutas, Marija, Shan Winn and Daniel Shimabuku (1989). Achilleion: a Neolithic settlement in Thessaly, Greece, 6400-5600 B.C. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Monumenta archaeologica 14.

文章

1960: "Culture Change in Europe at the Start of the Second Millennium B.C. A Contribution to the Indo-European Problem", Selected Papers of the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. Philadelphia, September 1-9, 1956, ed. A.F.C. Wallace. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1960, pp. 540-552.

1961: "Notes on the chronology and expansion of the Pit-grave culture", L’Europe à la fin de l’Age de la pierre, eds., J. Bohm & S. J. De Laet. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1961, pp. 193-200.

1963: "The Indo-Europeans, archaeological problems", American Anthropologist 65 (1963): 815-836.

1970: "Proto-Indo-European Culture: The Kurgan Culture during the Fifth, Fourth, and Third Millennia B.C.", Indo-European and Indo-Europeans. Papers Presented at the Third Indo-European Conference at the University of Pennsylvania, ed. George Cardona, Henry M. Hoenigswald & Alfred Senn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970, pp. 155-197.

1973: "Old Europe c. 7000–3500 BC: The Earliest European Civilization Before the Infiltration of the Indo-European Peoples", Journal of Indo-European Studies (JIES) 1 (1973): 1–21.

1977: "The First Wave of Eurasian Steppe Pastoralists into Copper Age Europe", JIES 5 (1977): 277-338.

"Gold Treasure at Varna", Archaeology 30, 1 (1977): 44-51.

1979: "The Three Waves of Kurgan People into Old Europe, 4500-2500 BC", Archives suisses d’anthropologie genérale. 43-2 (1979): 113-137.

1980: "The Kurgan wave #2 (c.3400-3200 BC) into Europe and the following transformation of culture", JIES 8 (1980): 273-315.

"The Temples of Old Europe", Archaeology 33-6 (1980): 41-50.

1982: "Old Europe in the Fifth Millennium B.C.: The European Situation on the Arrival of Indo-Europeans", The Indo-Europeans in the Fourth and Third Millennia BC, ed. Edgar C. Polomé. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, 1982, pp. 1-60.

"Women and Culture in Goddess-oriented Old Europe", The Politics of Women’s Spirituality, ed. Charlene Spretnak. New York: Doubleday, 1982, pp. 22-31.

"Vulvas, Breasts, and Buttocks of the Goddess Creatress: Commentary on the Origins of Art", The Shape of the Past: Studies in Honor of Franklin D. Murphy, eds. Giorgio Buccellati & Charles Speroni. Los Angeles: UCLA Institute of Archaeology, 1982.

1985: "Primary and Secondary Homeland of the Indo-Europeans: Comments on Gamkrelidze-Ivanov Articles", JIES 13:1-2 (1985): 185-202.

1986: "Kurgan Culture and the Horse", critique of the article "The ‘Kurgan Culture’, Indo-European origins and the domestication of the horse: a reconsideration" by David W. Anthony (same issue, pp. 291-313), Current Anthropology 27-4 (1986): 305-307.

1987: "The Pre-Christian Religion of Lithuania", La Cristianizzazione della Lituania. Rome, 1987.

1988: "A Review of Archaeology and Language by Colin Renfrew", Current Anthropology 29-3 (Jul 1988): 453-456.

"Accounting For a Great Change", critique of Archaeology and Language by C. Renfrew, London Times Literary Supplement (Jun 24-30), 1988, p. 714.

1990: "The Social Structure of the Old Europe. Part II", JIES 18 (1990): 225-284.

1992: "The Chronologies of Eastern Europe: Neolithic through Early Bronze Age", Chronologies in Old World Archaeology, vol. 1, ed. R.W. Ehrich. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1992, pp. 395-406.

文集

Dexter, Miriam Robbins and Karlene Jones-Bley (eds) (1997). The Kurgan culture and the Indo-Europeanization of Europe: Selected articles from 1952 to 1993 by M. Gimbutas. Journal of Indo-European Studies monograph 18. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.

榮譽研究

Skomal, Susan Nacev & Edgar C. Polomé (eds) (1987). Proto-Indo-European: The Archaeology of a Linguistic Problem. Studies in Honor of Marija Gimbutas. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man.

Marler, Joan, ed. (1997). From the Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas. Manchester, CT: Knowledge, Ideas & Trends, Inc.

Dexter, Miriam Robbins and Edgar C. Polomé, eds. (1997). Varia on the Indo-European Past: Papers in Memory of Gimbutas, Marija. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph #19. Washington, DC: The Institute for the Study of Man.

另見

路易斯·H·摩爾根

J·J·巴霍芬

亞姆納文化

參考文獻

Chapman, John, The impact of modern invasions and migrations on archaeological explanation: A biographical sketch of Marija Gimbutas, (編) Díaz-Andreu, Margarita; S?rensen, Marie Louise Stig, Excavating Women: A History of Women in European Archaeology, New York:Routledge: 295–314, 1998, ISBN 0-415-15760-9 .

H?usler, Alexander, über Arch?ologie und den Ursprung der Indogermanen, (編) Kuna, Martin; Venclová, Natalie, Whither archaeology? Papers in honour of Evzen Neustupny,Prague: Institute of Archaeology: 211–229, 1995, ISBN 80-901934-0-4 .

Marler, Joan, Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas, Manchester,Connecticut: Knowledge, Ideas & Trends, 1997, ISBN 1-879198-25-8 .

Marler, Joan, Marija Gimbutas: Tribute to a Lithuanian Legend, (編) LaFont, Suzanne, Women in Transition: Voices from Lithuania, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998, ISBN 0-7914-3811-2 .

Meskell, Lynn, Goddesses, Gimbutas and "New Age" Archaeology, Antiquity, 1995, 69: 74–86 .

Spretnak, Charlene, Marler, Joan; Haarmann, Harald, 編,Anatomy of a Backlash: Concerning the Work of Marija Gimbutas(PDF), Journal of Archaeomythology, 2011, 7: 1–27 [2014-06-24], ISSN 2162-6871 

Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy Lorraine, Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century, Cambridge,Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-674-01488-X .

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